Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?
↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | |||||||
Stop | p˔ b | t d | c | k g g̃ | q | ||||
Affricate | ʤ | ||||||||
Fricative | f v | θ | s z | ʃ | h | ||||
Approximant | j | ||||||||
Trill | r | ||||||||
Lateral approximant | l |
Vowel inventory:
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | ||
Near-high | ɪ | ||
High-mid | e è | ɘ | o |
Low | a |
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
Nouns have seven cases:
Nominative | No affix dog (doing the verb)
|
Accusative | Suffix -vɘ (verb done to) dog
|
Genitive | Suffix -ga dogʼs
|
Dative | Suffix -nɪ to (the/a) dog
|
Locative | Suffix -p˔e near/at/by (the/a) dog
|
Ablative | Suffix -nè from (the/a) dog
|
Instrumental | Suffix -mɘ with/using (the/a) dog
|
Singular | No affix dog
|
Plural | Reduplicate first part of first syllable dogs
|
Menèian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.
1st singular | 2nd singular | 3rd singular masc | 3rd singular fem | 1st plural | 2nd plural | 3rd plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | I
|
you
|
he, it
|
she, it
|
we
|
you all
|
they
|
Accusative | me
|
you
|
him, it
|
her, it
|
us
|
you all
|
them
|
Genitive | mine
|
yours
|
his, its
|
hers, its
|
ours
|
yours (pl)
|
theirs
|
Dative | to me
|
to you
|
to him, at it
|
to her, at it
|
to us
|
to you all
|
to them
|
Locative | at me
|
at you
|
at him, at it
|
at her, at it
|
at us
|
at you all
|
at them
|
Ablative | from me
|
from you
|
from him, from it
|
from her, from it
|
from us
|
from you all
|
from them
|
Instrumental | with/using me
|
with/using you
|
with/using him/it
|
with/using her/it
|
with/using us
|
with/using you all
|
with/using them
|
1st singular | my
|
2nd singular | your
|
3rd singular masc | his
|
3rd singular fem | her
|
1st plural | our
|
2nd plural | your (pl)
|
3rd plural | their
|
Present | No affix learn
|
Past | Suffix -rɪ learned
|
Future | Suffix -ʤɘ will learn
|
Imperfective | Particle before the verb: mɘ - learns/is learning
|
Perfect | Reduplicate first part of first syllable have learned
|
Menèian has a base-10 number system:
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -
8 -
9 -
10 -
100 -
1000 -
Adjective → adverb = Suffix -bɘ
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -fɪ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -jɘ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -vɪ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -va
Noun to verb = Suffix -gɘ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -jɘ
Tending to = Suffix -θa
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -kè
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -jɘ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -no
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -tɘ
Diminutive = Suffix -ho
Augmentative = Suffix -ne
Key: